EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE, THE ARMENIAN SSR, DECEMBER 7, 1988

Collapsed Structures, Alivar, Armenia

Partial collapse of stone masonry and concrete-frame composite buildings about 3 km north of Alivar. The components in these composite buildings, like those in the stone masonry buildings, were not connected with steel reinforcement. The grouted joints proved to be inadequate to hold the buildings together. Photograph Credit: U.S. Geological Survey (C.J. Langer).